The Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Mary Major
The Story of the Dedication of Saint Mary Major Basilica
St. Mary Major is one of the four Roman basilicas known as
patriarchal churches in memory of the first centers of the Church. St.
John Lateran represents Rome, the See of Peter; St. Paul Outside the Walls, the
See of Alexandria, allegedly the see presided over by Mark; St. Peter’s, the
See of Constantinople; and St. Mary’s, the See of Antioch, where Mary is
supposed to have spent most of her later life.
One legend, unreported before the year 1000, gives another
name to this feast: Our Lady of the Snows. According to that story, a wealthy
Roman couple pledged their fortune to the Mother of God. In affirmation, she
produced a miraculous summer snowfall and told them to build a church on the
site. The legend was long celebrated by releasing a shower of white rose petals
from the basilica’s dome every August 5.
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Reflection
Theological debate over Christ’s nature as God and man
reached fever pitch in Constantinople in the early fifth century. The chaplain
of Bishop Nestorius began preaching against the title Theotokos,
“Mother of God,” insisting that the Virgin was mother only of the human Jesus.
Nestorius agreed, decreeing that Mary would henceforth be named “Mother of
Christ” in his see. The people of Constantinople virtually revolted against
their bishop’s refutation of a cherished belief. When the Council of Ephesus
refuted Nestorius, believers took to the streets, enthusiastically chanting, “Theotokos!
Theotokos!”
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When you hear the word church, what do you think of? Do you
think of the priests and people of your own parish? Do you think of a Sunday
morning when families of the parish gather to celebrate the Eucharistic
liturgy? Do you picture a stately building with a round dome, pointed towers,
and stained glass windows? The word church has a variety of meanings.
Today’s feast focuses our attention on a church building, a
basilica called St. Mary Major. Tradition says that in August 352 the Blessed
Virgin Mary appeared to a wealthy nobleman in Rome. She asked that a church be
built on the spot where he would find snow. On that summer day, snow did
mysteriously appear and a church was built on the spot and dedicated to Our
Lady of the Snows.
Apart from the story, however, we know that a church was
built on that spot in the fourth century and was rebuilt in 434. The church was
also rededicated to Mary, the Mother of God. This title of Mary was protected
by the ecumenical council of Ephesus. Today St. Mary Major is the largest
church in the world dedicated to Our Lady. This church is called a patriarchal church,
one where the pope officiates on certain occasions. There is a special altar in
this church used by the Holy Father and by others with special permission. On a
deeper level, this feast reminds us that Mary has been reverenced throughout
the history of the Church as our Mother. As she foretold in her prayer, the
Magnificat, “All generations will call me blessed” (Luke 1:48).
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When the Jews celebrated the jubilee year every fiftieth year, slaves were supposed to be set free, land alienated through debts, to be returned to its original owner. The idea was to allow for a radically new beginning, with respect for human rights and dignity. It was an attempt to bring about a more equitable distribution of goods within the people of God. The Christian Holy Year takes its inspiration from the Jewish Jubilee Year. For us, then, should the jubilee year not mean to create more justice within the Church, with a new start to be made, new chances offered to start from scratch? Is this not the image of the Christian life? A clean slate to start with, new reconciliation?
